Introduction: CENTRAL line is a long fine catheter with an opening (sometimes multiple openings) at each end used to deliver fluids and drugs. The CENTRAL line is inserted through the skin into a large vein that feeds into a larger vein sitting above the heart, so that the tip of the catheter sits close to the heart. There are several veins that are suitable for access, and the line may be inserted above or below the collarbone, on the side of your neck, in your groin or at the front of the elbow. The actual skin entry site depends on which vein is used. The line that is inserted at the elbow is called a PICC) Peripherally Inserted CENTRAL Catheter), and the lines that enter the shoulder or neck are called CENTRAL VENOUS Lines CV line Insertion: The injection of local anesthetic is usually the part of the procedure that causes the most discomfort. Once the needle or cannula is sitting in the vein the remainder of the procedure is not painful. Some minor bleeding may be seen at the insertion site on the first day chest X-Ray is taken to see where the tip of the line is sitting in the veinWhat are the risks of CENTRAL lines? As with most procedures there is a small risk of complications such as:InfectionAccidental puncture of lungAccidental puncture of arteryIncorrect positionConclusion: Providing advice and support for a blood cancer patient can be difficult, and while medical staffs are more than equipped to do so, the recovery process of a blood cancer is lengthy and a patient’s needs can change quite radically over the months and years. It is important therefore, to have a key contact-somebody Who knows the patient and their blood cancer history?

CENTRAL VENOUS line is one of a creative instrument that saves human’s life in critical medical situation. CENTRAL VENOUS line access is frequently involved in the disease management. It is used for rapid fluid therapy, transVENOUS pacemakers, infusion of some medications, hemodialysis or plasmapheresis and etc. Most of the emergency departments have some staffs that are trained for CENTRAL VENOUS line insertion but related complications occur during CENTRAL VENOUS line placement. CENTRAL VENOUS line might have some complications and complication follow-up should be considered. Thromboembolism and infection are two important medical complications. Arterial puncture, hematoma, pneumothorax and hemothorax are mechanical CENTRAL VENOUS line complications. Chest X-ray and some other techniques should be used for detecting these complications. CENTRAL VENOUS line tip misplace is a considerable problem for emergency department staffs, previously chest X-ray has been used for CENTRAL VENOUS line misplace detection. In some recent studies, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and intravascular electrocardiography have been used for CENTRAL VENOUS line misplace.

CENTRAL VENOUS catheters are the most widely usable medical devices for vascular access, which are used as vascular access in emergency and intensive care unit, operation rooms or dialysis. The aim of this study, evaluate the complication of CENTRAL VENOUS catheter such as catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) and mechanical complications due to medical engineering view point. The result of this study shows that, in addition to following the infection control guidelines and personal protective equipment, the role of shape design and materials used in catheter construction can play an important role in reducing complications due to implantation of such devices such as thrombosis and CRBSI. Moreover, choosing the suitable guidewire has an important role in reducing the complications caused by the installation of these devices.

Introduction: CENTRAL VENOUS Catheters are often used as one of vascular routes in hemodialysis patients. They have some complications such as infections leading to long hospital stay, increased mortality, and cost of treatment. The most common form of infection associated with CENTRAL VENOUS Catheters is infection in the insertion site of catheter. Objective: This study aimed to determine CENTRAL VENOUS catheter infections in the patients undergoing hemodialysis in Razi Educational Remedial and Research Center. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 170 hemodialysis patients admitted in Razi hospital for a year with the possibility of CENTRAL VENOUS catheter infection. To gather information, questionnaires including demographic information and information about the apparent criteria for infection were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS V. 21 software and Chi-square and Logistic Regression statistical analysis. Results: 58. 3%of the participants were male and 39. 3% were female households. Mean and SD of the age of samples was 56. 5± 13. 8 years. The most common sign of infection was fever (77. 4%). 98. 8%of patients, had right internal jugular vein catheter and 45. 2% a history of antibiotic consumption for catheter washing. Catheter infection rate was correlated with age (P=0. 03), job (P=0. 01), Spouse's job (P=0. 03), education (P<0. 001) and history of antibiotic consumption (P<0. 0001). Age (P=0. 007) and length of catheterization (P=0. 069) were predictors of catheter infection, so that those younger than 40 years, had 3. 8 times greater chance of infection, compared to those over the age of 60 years. Conclusion: Age and length of catheterization can be used as predictive markers of CENTRAL VENOUS catheter infection in hemodialysis patients.

CENTRAL VENOUS catheter (CVC) insertion is a common procedure in operation theaters and intensive care units (ICU). The procedure is performed through anatomical landmark technique, open surgical procedure, and ultrasound-assisted insertion. In the 1990s, ultrasound guidance of CVC insertion has been advocated as a means to reduce mechanical complications and placement failures compared with the landmark technique. Still CVC complications can be related to insertion, indwelling, or extraction. There is a need for continuous monitoring to avoid possible risk factors so as to minimize the morbidity and mortality.

Superior vena cava syndrome caused by blockage of the vein that carries blood from the head, neck, chest, and arms to the heart may occur due to various etiologies including thrombosis, occlusion and pressure on the superior vena cava. Foreign instruments in the vein, infections and also intimae injuries can lead to venacaval thrombosis . One of the most common causes of caval thrombosis is CENTRAL VENOUS catheterization for fluid administration and hemodialysis. This report presents 8 years-old girl with chronic benign superior vena cava syndrome related to the long-term use of CENTRAL VENOUS catheters for hemodialysis. Treatment included resection of the obstructed segment and repair of the superior vena cava with an autologous pericardial patch. Reconstruction with an autologous pericardial patch without bypass of superior vena cava to right atrium is a safe and simple method but more importantly it is preferable and easier to prevent these events by simple nursing care in dialysis unit to secure the dialysis access.